The Effects of Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction

research METHODOLOGY HMPYC80 date 02-03 RESEARCH PROPOSAL appellation THE EFFECTS OF heedfulness BASED centering drop-off TRAINING ON ADOLESCENT SELF-AWARENESS AND THE diminution OF ANXIETY, DEPRESSION AND STRESS. generator 5888743 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY HMPYC80 ASSIGNMENT 02-03 RESEARCH PROPOSAL TITLE THE EFFECTS OF MINDFULNESS BASED STRESS REDUCTION TRAINING ON ADOLESCENT SELF-AWARENESS AND THE REDUCTION OF ANXIETY, DEPRESSION AND STRESS. AUTHOR 5888743 Mr P Smith The ANIKA Foundation 234 West Highland Drive impertinentport 2843 Australia 1 May 2011 Dear Sir, Re inquiry Proposal THE EFFECTS OF MINDFULNESS BASED STRESS REDUCTION TRAINING ON ADOLESCENT SELF-AWARENESS AND THE REDUCTION OF ANXIETY, DEPRESSION AND STRESS. I am currently translateing psychological science follows at the University of South Africa. I am a teach counsellor at a private school in Sydney where I work with children from Year K by to course of try 12. I realise a keen interest in Adolescent me ntal fountainheadness and suicide prevention.The De divulgement of Mental health at the World Health Organisation states that WHO figures clearly show that by 2030 stamp exit be the single biggest burden of care on our health care system, exceptional cardio vascular disease and obesity. It is be glide path increasingly more urgent to look at preventative strategies to reduce the number of unseasoned mickle presenting with depression, anxiety and nidus. I understand that the ANIKA Foundation was bunch up in response to the tragic death by suicide of your daughter Anika.The direct of foundation is to support and promote the prevention of anxiety and depression in young community. heedfulness establish Stress Reduction training has been shown to bankrupt the efficacy to Consciously wager and respond with cognisance and clarity preferably than re motivate out of a habitual pattern Bring great concentration and focus to effortless activities Monitor levels of stress a nd distress, and take effective steps to address them positively take action to renew your energy physically, emotionally and mentally.It therefore seemed appropriate to contact you with information about my proposed interrogation topic to see if you would be interested in this new arena of prevention. I look forward to hearing from you soon Yours Sincerely 5888743 Psychology Honours student and school counsellor. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY HMPYC80 ASSIGNMENT 02-03 RESEARCH PROPOSAL TITLE THE EFFECTS OF MINDFULNESS BASED STRESS REDUCTION TRAINING ON ADOLESCENT SELF-AWARENESS AND THE REDUCTION OF ANXIETY, DEPRESSION AND STRESS. AUTHOR 5888743 IntroductionMy receive as a School Counsellor along with current enquiry coming out of the World Health organization indicates that by 2030 depression leave be the single biggest burden of care on our health care system, exceeding cardio vascular disease and obesity. It is becoming increasingly more urgent to look at preventative strategies to reduce the number of young people presenting with depression, anxiety and stress. Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) is part of an exciting new field in psychology that combines ancient wisdom with modern day knowledge. The associated field ofPositive Psychology looks not only at the elimination of disallow mental states but also at slipway in which we can understand how people grow and flourish. Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction training has been shown to develop the capacity to Consciously act and respond with awareness and clarity alternatively than react out of a habitual pattern Bring greater concentration and focus to daily activities Monitor levels of stress and distress, and take effective steps to address them Positively take action to renew your energy physically, emotionally and mentally.MBSR strategies based on the ancient Buddhist practice of mindfulness and meditation, seek to submit people the tools to develop self-awareness in order to be able to identi fy the divers(prenominal) emotions that present themselves during our demeanor cadence. And then respond to those emotions is a way that is constructive rather than destructive. The way that we think and feel about things profoundly affects the way we act in the world, so it is important to be able to recognize the feelings and thoughts that swot habitually in our lives. query Problem A literature palingenesis indicates that MBSR has been searched quiet extensively in the medical field.The literature shows very hopeful results with interrogationers finding significant reductions in stress, anxiety and depression after participants spotless MBSR training. 1,2,3, In another study, normal healthy working adults who participated in Mindfulness based stress reduction (MBSR) training, showed improvement in behavioural, psychological, and physiological outcomes measured. This study treasureed the effects of a shortened (low-dose ld) work-site MBSR intervention (MBSR-ld) on indicat ors of stress in healthy working adults to de edgeine if results similar to those obtained in traditional MBSR could be demonstrated.Participants were randomized into MBSR-ld and wait-list conceal conferences. Self-reported sensed stress, sleep quality, and mindfulness were measured at the beginning and end of the 6- calendar week intervention. Salivary cortical was assessed weekly. Significant reductions in perceived stress (p = . 0025) and increases in mindfulness (p = . 0149) were obtained for only the MBSR-ld group (n = 22). Scores on the global measure of sleep improved for the MBSR-ld group (p = . 0018) as well as for the control group (p = . 0072 n = 20). There is however at this time no literature available on the effects of inform MBSR to adolescents, in a school setting as part of the PDHPE political platform. This research may unlock the door to an exciting field of preventative psychology in youth mental health. What we consider stressful or what causes us to feel m ad, bad or sad varies from one soulfulness to another. But any negative state can have a profound effect on the way we function in our day-by-day lives. Left unacknowledged or untreated it can develop into Stress, anxiousness or opinion.Very simply one of the low gear impacts of practicing mindfulness can be the capacity to break out of an aroused, activated, stressed state into a calmer, musing more regulated state. This relaxed state called the parasympathetic state shows in responses such(prenominal) as slowing down of the heart rate, increase expiration, relaxation of the muscles, increased digestive activity and recuperation and rest. Many of us spend time in our sympathetic branch of our nervous system that prepares us for alert engagement. It is associated with emotions such as anger, rage and fear as well as joy, excitement and interest.This is commonly known as the fight or evasion response, our hard wiring for survival. However ongoing and excessive fight/ escape cock response that is not regulated or modulated can give way to increased cortisol levels creating stress and distress. By cultivating in the students an innate capacity to pay attention on purpose, in the present moment in a non-judgmental way, we can hopefully decrease overall levels of stress, anxiety and depression. Research Design The study leave include both qualitative and numerical methods to assess the efficacy of the MBSR program.The study go away include 42 year 9 students, aged 14 -15 years. They leave behind participate in an 8 week program where they entrust learn techniques of mindfulness and meditation. The course forget be taught in conjunction with the personal health and development curriculum (PDHPE). The quantitative part of the research includes two surveys. The surveys testament be administered in the lead the training begins, at the completion of the course and then again 6 months later. This methodology is useful as it quantifies variables by maki ng them empirically observable, and induces heel counter and retesting plausible. accompany 1 The DASS (Depression, Anxiety and Stress Questionnaire) unquestionable by Peter Lovibond from the University of New South Wales. The DASS is a set of three self-report scales de sign to measure the negative emotional states of depression, anxiety and stress. The DASS was constructed not merely as another set of scales to measure conventionally defined emotional states, but to further the service of defining, understanding, and measuring the ubiquitous and clinically significant emotional states usually draw as depression, anxiety and stress.The DASS should thus meet the requirements of both researchers and scientist-professional clinicians. 5 Survey 2 The Self-Assessment Questionnaire The MAAS (Mindfulness Awareness Attention scale of measurement) is a 15-item scale designed to assess a core characteristic of dispositional mindfulness, namely, open or receptive awareness of and attent ion to what is taking place in the present. The scale shows strong psychometric properties and has been validated with college, community, and cancer patient samples.Correlational, quasi-experimental, and laboratory studies have shown that the MAAS taps a unique quality of consciousness that is related to, and predictive of, a regeneration of self-regulation and well- being constructs. The measure takes 10 minutes or less to complete. 6 Both surveys will be administered electronically and the student response will be anonymous. Although the data gathered will be intra-personal in nature, the trends being assessed will be more general. The data will be analysed electronically and will give me and overall level of the participating students self-awareness, depression, anxiety and stress.This will be compared to the surveys conducted at the end of the 8 weeks as well as those in 6 months time. The qualitative aspect of the research will be the weekly humiliated discussion groups. As the students move through the training they will have opportunity to give feedback through semi social systemd interviews. The qualitative information gathered will give me evidence of trends and patterns emerging. I will rely primarily on interviews and observations. the analyses produced by qualitative researchers most often are narratives and are based on words used by informants to describe their life experiences. Royce, 2004. Pg 237) In scathe of sampling, it would be ideal if I could have a control group in which I could randomly assign half of the group, however unless the control group could have the opportunity to participate in the training at a later stage, this would in fact be unethical and unfair. tending(p) the constraints of a school curriculum, this would also be very difficult. If the initial results coming out of the pilot program were promising then it would be wise to run the program again with a control group. This would enhance the reliability and validit y of the initial results.Data Analysis The study will use qualitative and quantitative research methodology. Creswell (1998, pg 15) defines qualitative research as an inquiry butt of understanding based on distinct methodological traditions of inquiry that explore a social or human problem. The researcher builds a composite holistic picture, analyses words, reports expound views of informants and conducts the study in a natural setting. The small weekly discussion groups will give me an opportunity to provide detailed and dynamic feedback on both individual and group process.Terre Blanche, Kelly and Durrheim (2006, pg 273-274) describe this as interpretative research, interested in experiences, feelings and meaning. The interviews will be semi structured, and developed according to data collected from the previous week and current literature. totally interviews will be transcribed. The intention behind the analysis of the transcripts will be to extract a common narrative There are no costs associated with my research at this time. Ethics and expected Outcomes The children will be given permission slips and consent forms to take home to be signed by their parents.At all times the welfare of the children will be monitored and they will have access to the support of the school counsellor and the PDHPE staff. All participants will be given a letter explaining the idea behind the program. The online surveys will be anonymous and data transcribed from the semi structured interviews will be anonymous and made available to the students should they wish to see the transcripts. The students will be re-surveyed in 6 months time to assess whether the program has had sustainable effects. There are expected short term and long term outcomes for this research.In the short term we hope that the children will learn to meditate and make meditation and mindfulness part of their everyday routine. Obviously we hope they will also reach the goals they set for themselves on a p hysical level. In the long term we are hoping that the skill that they learn during this 8 week program will be the inoculation and thereby increased resilience that they will need for the upcoming stress associated with their HSC (Matric), and all of the other life stressors going forward. Literature Review 1.Impact of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) on sleep, mood, stress and fatigue symptoms in cancer outpatients Linda E. Carlson and Sheila N. Garland 2. A qualitative study of self-perceived effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) in a psychosocial oncology setting Michael J. Mackenzie1, Linda E. Carlson1,2,*, Marleny Munoz1, Michael Speca1,2 obligate first published online 28 NOV 2006 3. Randomized controlled trial of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) for survivors of breast cancer Cecile A. Lengacher1, Versie Johnson-Mallard1, Janice Post-White2, Manolete S. Moscoso1, Paul B.Jacobsen3, Thomas W. Klein4, Raymond H. Widen4,5, Shirley G. Fitzgerald1 , Melissa M. Shelton1, Michelle Barta1, Matthew Goodman6, Charles E. Cox3,4, Kevin E. Kip1,* Article first published online 20 FEB 2009ne 28 NOV 2006 4. Effects of Low-Dose Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR-ld) on Working Adults Maryanna D. Klatt, PhD. College of Medicine, The Ohio put up University, Columbus, klatt. emailprotected eduJanet Buckworth, PhD. College of Education and Human Ecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus William B. Malarkey, MD. College of Medicine, the Ohio State University, Columbus Scales 5. Lovibond, S. H. Lovibond, P. F. (1995). Manual for the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales. (2nd. Ed. ) Sydney Psychology Foundation. ISBN 7334-1423-0. Lovibond, P. F. & Lovibond, S. H. (1995). The structure of negative emotional states Comparison of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) with the Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 33, 335-343. 6. Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) Kirk Warren Brown, Ph. D. & Ric hard M. Ryan, Ph. D. References 1. Cresswell, J. W. (1998) Qualitative inquiry and research design Choosing among 5 traditions. megabyte Oaks Sage Publishers 2. Kelly, K. 2006) From encounter to text collecting data in qualitative research. In Terre Blance, M. , & Durrheim,K. , Painter, D. (Eds), Research in serve (Second Edition). ness Town University of Cape Town Press. 3. Mindfulness Based Stress Reduciton/Mindfulness Based cognitive therapy Course Book. Open Ground Training and Consultancy. Sydney, Australia 4. Royse, D. (2004) Qualitative Research from Research Methods in Social Work, Fourth Edition, Brookes/Cole-Thomson Learning, Pacific Grove, CA, USA. 5. Terre Blance, M. , & Durrheim,K. , Painter, D. (Eds), Research in Practise (Second Edition). Cape Town University of Cape Town Press.